The Downfall Of Julius Caesar - 962 Words

July 12, 100 BC a great Roman general by the name of Julius Caesar was born in Rome, Italy. Caesar was â€Å"born to a family of particans but his uncle Marius was a famous general† (History.com, 2009). Eventually, Caesar rose up through the ranks and became a great general. Caesar eventually went to war with Pompey and was able to drive Pompey out making Caesar believe declare himself the dictator for life. Even though under Caesar’s control daily Roman life improved, his assassination was for the best of the Roman people because he had stated himself as the dictator for life in Rome, ruining any chance of continuing democracy, he was self-centered, Rome got a new ruler and became successful Caesar, being ambitious, was able to further his career very quickly.â€Å"In the early 60 BC, he launched his own successful political and military career. Rising rapidly, he campaigned successfully for the consulship in 60 B.C. and struck a deal with two of Rome’s leadin g figures, Pompey and Crassus (History.com, 2009)†. This partnership was a career springboard which made him a more influential person in Rome. When Caesar went to war with Pompey, he eventually managed to drive him out; upon his success, â€Å"Caesar was made dictator for life and hailed as the Father of his Country† (Wasson). Having a dictator can mean that the government is no longer a democracy but a dictatorship. Creating an unfair government for Rome that contains a majority of Caesar’s opinions and supporters, and notShow MoreRelatedThe Downfall Of Julius Caesar1795 Words   |  8 Pagespeople. Julius Caesar quickly became a powerful influence through the help of the Pompey the Great and Marcus Licinius Crassus when they formed the political alliance the First Triumvirate. Yet, he quickly fell from power just a few years after his daughter’s death. Julius Caesar’s downfall has always been attributed to his pride and the betrayal of these al lies. However, Julia Caesar, his only daughter, played a significant role in establishing the First Triumvirate, which led to Julius Caesar’sRead MoreThe Downfall Of Julius Caesar1087 Words   |  5 Pages Augustus paper In his seventy sixth year Julius Caesar was assassinated by several senators on August 19, 14 CE. (Mellor 1). After Julius Caesar’s death, Antony (one of Caesar’s closest advisors) was expected to rule after him, but little did anyone know that Caesar was very fond of his nephew who voyaged with him on several missions and secretly adopted this fellow who went by the name of Gaius Octavius. (Mellor 6) Octavius would soon go by the name Augustus and become one of the greatest leadersRead MoreThe Downfall Of Julius Caesar1678 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare’s Julius Caesar provides a largely accurate and incredibly detailed record of the assassination of its namesake, the play is regarded not as one of the Bard’s histories, but as one of his greatest tragedies. Shakespeare’s poignant lyrical interpretation of the fall of Julius Caesar is defined without a doubt as a tragedy by the sorrowful nature of the development, execution, and aftermath of Mar cus Brutus’ betrayal of Julius Caesar. At the start of the timelessly classic play, Julius Caesar wasRead MoreThe Downfall Of Julius Caesar1356 Words   |  6 Pagesthe first to pop into the mind; Caesar.   Undoubtedly one of the most consequential men to have ever lived, Julius Caesar left a lasting legacy of military and political domination.   Caesar’s assassination sent shockwaves throughout Rome and its territories, leaving many to question what man could and would take the late leader’s place.   Many men vied for the most powerful position in the ancient world, but only one man could win this struggle. Gaius Octavius, Caesar s great nephew and adoptive sonRead MoreThe Downfall Of Julius Caesar Essay1950 Words   |  8 Pages The years after the murder of Gaius Julius Caesar were among the most turbulent and uncertain times Rome had ever faced. With both Octavian and Marc Antony vying for the throne, a bloody civil war was unfolding. However, from those trying times emerged a reborn Rome, with Augustus Caesar, the First Emperor of Rome, at the helm. While the Republic was no more, Augustus as the sole ruler of the Roman empire ushered in a new age, one of morality, renewed religious practices, architecture, and mostRead MoreThe Downfall Of Julius Caesar2075 Words   |  9 PagesJulius Caesar was and still is considered to be one of the greatest military generals in history. His combination of leadership skills, military genius, and speaking ability propelled him to the forefront of Roman society. Born on June 12/13 100 B.C., Caesar was born into an ancient aristocratic family. Around the age of 16 after his father had died, Caesar had joined the military. It was apparent from this time onward that Caes ar was especially gifted in the arts of strategy and warfare. By theRead MoreThe Downfall Of Julius Caesar989 Words   |  4 PagesRome Republic was set up in about 509BC. According to the structure of the Rome Republic. The power was divided to various departments. However, from Julius Caesar, the power began to be held by one person. After Caesar’s death, one of the consul Antony tried to despoil the power for himself. Another consul Cicero had the first philippic on September 2, 44 BC. Antony delivered a savage and violent to reply Cicero. However, Cicero then composed the second philippic, he also published books to againstRead More Julius Caesar - Tragic Hero Essay1028 Words   |  5 Pages Julius Caesar as a Tragic Hero amp;#9;Julius Caesar is a play written by William Shakespeare during the year 1597. Julius Caesar’s story involves a conspiracy against Julius Caesar, a powerful senator. The play involves a highly respected senator, Brutus, who decides to join the conspiracy to kill Julius Caesar, in the effort to keep democracy intact. Brutus believes that if Julius Caesar is allowed to live, Caesar will take a kingship and turn the government into a monarchy. Brutus, CassiusRead MoreConventions of a Shakespeare Tragedy1189 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare that has a certain effect. The tragic hero always has a tragic flaw. A tragic hero cannot be a hero unless he has a tragic flaw. The tragic flaw brings the downfall of the hero. Othello is the tragic hero, because Othello is a character of nobility. He is good at the beginning but at the end he starts to become evil. ‘‘Othello’s downfall is jealousy (Othello’s Tragic Flaw) Iago tells Othello not to be jealous when Othello thinks his wife is cheating on him. Iago says to Othello, â€Å"O, beware, myRead MoreMarcus Brutus: Shakespeares Tragic Hero in The Tragedy of Julius Caesar1238 Words   |  5 PagesTragedy of Julius Caesar. Shakespeare defines tragic hero as a flawed character who has good fortune, and then loses all he has prized, leading to his misfortune, but a tragic hero must have that moment of enlightenment, that moment where a character can see that he caused his own downfall and receives the blame for his own tragedy. The Tragedy of Julius Caesar is based on an historical event- the assassination of Julius Caesar; however, the story revolves around the conspirators, not Caesar. The

Hualapai Language Revitalization and Literacy Free Essays

Conner Kolter Hualapai Language Revitalization and Literacy The Hualapai Indians, like many other indigenous societies, have faced the continuing threat of losing their culture. For this particular society, through perseverance, hard work and a helping hand from many people outside the Native American community, the Hualapai’s have been able to provide a writing system for their endangered language. This step has proven to be crucial in keeping the language and has also become an example for other Native American tribes who worry about their mother language becoming extinct. We will write a custom essay sample on Hualapai Language Revitalization and Literacy or any similar topic only for you Order Now This success story has become a symbol that not all is lost if effort is put into something that is deeply cared about. A culture and society’s language is one of, if not the most, important aspects to what makes them different from everyone else. Without that attribute, the people that belong to that language can feel lost and lose a sense of who they are. In the Hualapai culture, members who were in school in the 1930’s were forced to attend an English-only speaking school where the Hualapai language would be physically beaten out of them. Those children, who are now the grandparents of the present children of the small tribe, stress the importance of learning their native language considering how large a presence English has around them. With the new writing system, the members of the Hualapai tribe can keep their language and have it passed down from generation to generation. Learning more than one linguistic system is a challenge and when teaching the mother language at home is its only exposure, it becomes harder to develop those multilingual skills. With the difficulties that come with learning two languages, some children give up learning one, usually the native tongue and with advancing languages such as English in the business and political world, children might not even learn their cultural language at home. Just as quickly as these dominant languages have been growing, indigenous tongues have been disappearing. A major portion of why native languages become extinct is because of schools. A majority of schools are taught only in English but it doesn’t end there. Parents at home may not want to teach their children to speak the native tongue because of the fear that they will be behind everyone else and not have an equal opportunity to become successful in the outside world because of a language barrier (Lavenda and Schultz 2013, 49-50). This is exactly the case with the Hualapai Indians. In a day where you must be fluent in English, parents have realized that the sacrifice of not choosing to teach their language would be worth it, if their children got a full education out of it. In this case however, the Hualapai’s had unconditional support from the outside community. In the public schools, now that there was a written language for these Native Americans, people fought for classrooms to be bilingual. Without the invention of the written form of this language, this innovative idea would not have been possible. The Hualapai language underwent language revitalization; â€Å"creating grammars, dictionaries and archival and educational materials designed to teach and preserve these languages for the future† (Lavenda and Schultz 2013, 50). This creation is extremely important to their society because is a new way for the Hualapai’s to express their language and allows them to expand and solidify their cultural too. The writing system for this language was a new concept to everyone, even to the speakers themselves. Because it is something that has to be learned socially, it has become a part of their culture now. Now that they are able to write their spoken language, they are better suited to adapt to the changing world. They can carry on learning in English, but now they can also enjoy learning about their culture while adding on to it without the stress of falling behind in the outside world (class notes, September 7, 2012). There are many advantages that are to be considered now that the Hualapai language has caught up with other languages in the sense of how they can be expressed. Because, the public high school where the teenage Hualapai Indians attend now teach courses in both languages, members from the tribe are coming forward asking to have their skills taught to the students so that the information they know can be passed down. This is a gain for both the natives and for community members outside the tribe. For example, a daughter of a medicine man came to the school wanting to teach about the different plants that can be used for medical uses. This is a perfect instance where cultural borrowing is taking place. A natural tendency that occurs when two or more cultures come in contact with each other and borrow ideas and practices is known as acculturation (Lavenda and Schultz 2012, 185). This process is not a bad habit either. Each culture doesn’t just take the ideas and practices as they are but change them and incorporate them into their own culture so that there is meaning and importance behind them. For the Palm Springs, Arizona community learning about the Hualapai practices of ethnobotany expands their awareness of the tribe and is also helpful for learning new ways to treat suffering. Due to this new writing system brought forth for the Hualapai Indians, many opportunities came into the light for them. Incorporating a writing system allowed the tribe to keep their language alive and thriving. Now that their language is being taught and freely spoken outside the reservation, members don’t have to worry about children not gaining their place in the world for the fear of falling behind if they only spoke their native tongue. Most of the tribe members are becoming more in touch with their heritage and new culture now that there is a writing system that needs to be learned. It has given the small population pride of who they are and they are able to further their history by means of writing down their cultural traditions, practices, vocabulary. Because there is a physical form of their language, the Hualapai Indians can keep their language and pass it down to the next generations. They can inform others about who they are, what they believe. They have finally made a place in the world for themselves because of the radical progress they made for themselves and hopefully can make the same positive change for other indigenous tribes on the brink of losing their language and culture. Bibliography Martin del Campo, Edgar. â€Å"Defining â€Å"Culture†. † Class lecture, Core Concepts in Anthropology from University of New Hampshire, Durham, September 7, 2012. Lavenda, Robert H.. , and Emily Ann Schultz. Core concepts in cultural anthropology. 5th ed. Mountain View, Calif. : Mayfield, 2013. How to cite Hualapai Language Revitalization and Literacy, Essay examples

Unions and Industrial Councils Series †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Unions and Industrial Councils Series. Answer: Introduction: Over past 30 years it has been immensely observed that the role of Trade unions (TUs) have changed extensively. International struggle, a developing fashion in the field of outsourcing, Law restraints, and manager supported types of worker contribution have united in impulsive manner a momentous fall in merger association and the reporting of collective bargaining. TUs have been observed in playing a major part in determining the working lifestyle of individuals in a direct manner in todays time. Though the TUs have a major impact on people but presently this influence has reduced in one manner or the other. The TU movement was observed to be representing the major alarming power which prevails within the civil culture in the modern global politics and the global economy. TUs as a result were regarded as a countervailing force against the commanding alliance of global corporations, economic organizations and industrialized states that search for to merge their control over the global biased and financial system at the cost of the fragile. And as a result of this prospective, unions constantly magnetize assaults and brands from those who terror their control. Similarly, it has been observed that the Trade unions in South Africa have the past dating the past back to the 1880s. From the start unifications have been observed as an indication of the ethnic disunity of the state, with the initial combinations being principally for fair employees. Throughout the chaotic time of 19481991, TUs have played a significant part in constructing biased and financial struggle, and ultimately were one of the dynamic services in comprehending the change to a general self-governing administration. So, presently TUs were still seen to be a significant power in South Africa, with 3.11 million employees on behalf of 25.3% of the recognized work energy. The Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) was then seen to be the largest of the 3 major TU centers, with an association of 1.8 million (Pillay, 2013b). It was also a element of the Tripartite coalition with the ruling African National Congress (ANC) and the South African Communist Party (SACP). A progressive TU group plays a major part than just depicting their employees on the shop floor. But after the drop of the Berlin barrage, the separation within the TU movement reduced, and a number of TUs observed the desire to construct a joint worldwide TU group. This led to the merging of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) as the most agent of organized labor. The ICFTU must alter itself into an aggressive power that was an assistant and an actual representative of those most who were marginalized by globalization. By uniting lobbying and dynamic operations, people must crusade for fairness and the abolition of the enormous space in profits among North and South states. The confederation must create unions in the North and South with progressive governments, and movement for lively rules that would bring about the impartiality. But it should know that inequities were not only established among these countries. Progressively, the space in income within urbanized and, within budding states was massive (Hodin, 2013). But the early TUs were repeatedly for fair people only, with associations like the South African Confederation of Labour (SACoL) which were formed in order to help service policies which were founded on racial biasness. But in late 1970s a Federation of South African Trade Unions (FOSATU) was established, with the Council of Unions of South Africa (CUSA) which was constructed in the subsequent year. These issues notify their work on a plan for societal impartiality in the 21st century. The requirement to constantly update the organizational strategy to face the exercises of multinational corporations was connected to this. At the core hub of their strategy was the organized substitute of official, protected and well paying tasks with provisional and anxious work that proposes no job safety (Congress of South African Trade unions, 2017). In Africa, this circumstance was compounded by the fact that casual sector and survivalist actions were frequently previously even superior to the official trade division. People need to go further than the defense of their significant increase in order to enlarge superiority service into innovative areas (Heery, 2002). In spite of the strengths which people possess, they must recognize that the TU movement was irregularly created among the states. In many parts of the South, the TUs continue to be feeble and reliant on and occasionally restricted by rules. In most industrialized states, union association was dilapidated. For example, the COSATU 'Spring Offensive was created which sets aside a month of employment and systematizing, where shop stewards of united nationwide unions were free from work for among some time period, to go and organize employees at unorganized workplaces, in the casual division and in rural areas, not only in their own divisions but all over the world (Kester, 2016). Similarly, the ratio of employees who were the workers of such unions fell in the initial ten years of the 21st century, even though this turn down to be more reserved, and far less vivid than the refusal of the previous two decades (Congress of South African Trade Unions, 2001). In the work of outsourcing, the introduction of international organizations was regarded to be as bigger market forces, a developing fashion and the development in different service. But in the forms of contribution and depiction which were supported by the employer. So, the burden of Law restraints on the capability of unions to employ, systematize, cooperatively barter, has all contributed to a prickly fall in association (Butcher et al, 2001). In spite of the implementation of a number of domestic plans and the preface of the regulations employers would be encouraged to distinguish unions; the downward tendency in association however sustained in the upcoming years, even though at a slower speed (Rule of Burger and Derek Yu, 2006). The manner in which unions act in response to the disputes and chances which was obtainable by the changing nature of work and employment relations would be crucial in shaping their level of authority within the place of work in the future years. Therefore, this essay offers an evaluation of the upcoming occasions and predictions for the international TUs. Also, after observing at current association drifts more intimately, it inspects how unions were determining the relationships which exist among the employees and their managers in the present workplace, predominantly with respect to depiction and divergence of the workers (Industrial Organizational and Labor Studies, 2017). The essay would then provide a general idea of how unions have answered to a more fragmented labor marketplace and their hard works in getting unorganized employees in a more varied work force. Attention then turns out to the efficiency of a number of strategies which have urbanized by unions in the upcoming years. The efficiency could include systematizing, corporation, the knowledge schedule, and review the probable prospective function of different TUs in the international workplace and service relationships. The major crucial aspect that differentiates the 21st century, as far as labor was concerned, as the essential standard move which Law has been in existence since 19th century but whose impacts were just recounting in the present time (Begg, 2002). The standard modification has pretended massive confrontations to TUs, by convincing them to embark on a rethinking of the objectives of different TUs and the different manners in which they put in order their work in order to be more effectual and collectively pertinent (Alliance, 2001). For some 20 years which have passed presently, it has been general to submit to a predicament of Unionism. It seems ever vaguer to state that what the future holds for labor actions or undeniably, whether they even have a predictable time or not (Bezprizvanniy, 2010). So, it has been found out that for many Unionists as well as scholarly people, TUs in most of the states emerge out as sufferers of external forces outside their control, and often also of their own traditional inactivity. But a TU embraces the capability to shape their personal expectations (Hantke, 2009). So, in all the states, they hold an influential customs and innate organizations; these all too have repeatedly forms a straitjacket, but could also grant a resource for an imaginative proposal. Predicting the future as a result was, in a lot of computations, a matter of understanding and analyzing the conduit from ancient times to the current time (Pillay, 2017). Although, Fascination with history could be hazardous as it was all too easy to compare a principally mythological golden age of pledge and harmony with the dilemma of the current time (Von Holdt, 2003). But learning from the past experiences could open up some innovative preferences; and times of emergency could persuade people to dispose of the comfortable daily work of an individual and search for innovative instructions. As a result of which some people started considering Unionism in the previous time only (Nowak, 2015). So, the olden times of Unionism all over the world, was dated back more than 2 centuries ago, as it was outstanding for its assortment (Jamaica Observer, 2011). Yet 5 common themes could be recognized, as, they were pertinent to the consideration of present dilemmas and potential promises such as: TUs in the past were constructed in the main context on putting emphasis on pre-existing solidarities. For instance, the concept of craft unionism which was founded on principles of collective distinctiveness predating capitalist employment dealings. Much more expansively, collective experience at work was harmonized by family lives of individuals in a close group of people with communal entertaining, educational and at times spiritual recreations. Also, the union was regarded as an organization which was entrenched in encircling communal scenery. In certain situations, the union was also defined as an expansion of the community of an organization (ENCA, 2015). TUs in their development from prohibited status to decency exhibited a constant anxiety among acting as a 'sword of justice' and as a 'vested interest'. Because among combating for all those who were demoralized, disadvantaged and defensive for the tapered interests of comparatively privileged sections of the working class who often found it simple to unionize. Most of the TUs were conventionally founded, at least in developed countries, on what was universally defined as the ordinary service connection. Those who were employed for a full-time period on more or less enduring agreements were seen as most understandable applicants for communal association and demonstration. The conventional Trade Unionist was then stated to be a male with trade muscle' (Wire D Space, 2012). In South Africa, an Association of Mineworkers and Construction Union (AMCU) was established in Mpumalanga and in 2001 it was officially registered as a union. But with the influential support of Mr. Jeffery Mphahlele and Mr. Archie Palane, it was formally registered in the subsequent year. The major duty of such union was to help workers with labour linked plights towards managers. Presently, this organization has close to 200 000 workers from all areas that it symbolizes building, mining, safety, and many more. This union was presided over by President Joseph Mathunjwa. It was dedicated to staying proper to the permission which was granted by its workers and the working class at large. This command was a well-versed declaration which was taken by the union at all of their guidance levels, streams, and branches. As a result, their leaders must force the welfare of employees even outside the effective ecology. Though, this union had been there for many years for now but still the Platinum belt hit gave it importance between other unions. Also, the President also persists to reveal value management and humane talent that have made him the accomplished person which he is presently. In regard to unionism, AMCU has been devoted for the maintenance of the defense of instant welfare of its employees on the job; honest earnings, safety of service, working circumstances that were not intimidating to the psychological and corporeal health of the employees such as essential societal security. The attitude of the people vestiges to be resolved in relation to the point of backing up the publicly progressive legislation for the wellbeing of all the employees and also the majority of the population of the state. The advocacy was seen to be far-reaching, which was entrenched in a supporting community where the privileges of employees and all residents were assured. The initial encounters of the labour movement were accomplished in order to attain the worldwide suffrage, a biased object, as well as a global and free learning, and many more. So, in order to attain this, the labour movement has in most of the states required to exercise political power through its own parties. Its members were carnage during strike in South Africa and about 43 members were shot dead by police. Would such actions be a danger to Unions in the future was one of the questions which one should pretense. It was also observed that in the 19th century the membership of the Uganda Public Employees Union (UPEU) as a result of privatization of government services fell down. It comprehended that its only option of survival was by modifying its viewpoint. So, it amended the concept of public workers and distorted concept from the conventional narrow definition of civil servants to a much broader concept of public workers being anybody employed in serving the public (Public Service International, 2017). It was also seen that public sector was strongly prevalent in the present time also because the uneven number of women at the survivalist end of the casual economy were there, who were fascinated there by the social discrimination against them in most communities. And the reason for that was the lack of skills growth, and the child care tasks which community imposes upon them, and many more. Unions were then in no place to address these differences or the poverty which they frequently emphasize, without classifying the females and males who work in the casual economy. The National Education, Health and Allied Workers Union (NEHAWU) and the South African Municipal Workers' Union (SAMWU) were correspondingly main largest unions across all divisions of the South African wealth. They signify employees engaged unswervingly or circuitously by the public sector. Ifiso Kumalo, COSATU public sector co-ordinator, states resourcing as one of the biggest issues that influence the public sector. According to him, public health and education services experience from inadequate support which results in poor equipment and under-staffed hospitals and schools. COSATU contribute in collective bargaining councils in the public sector through the General Public Service Sector Bargaining Council, and many more (Horn, 2002). CONSAWU was aided by strong anchor unions which were also active in the public sector bargaining councils (Webster and von, 2005). Also, Membership has been seen to be observed as one of the key source for TUs. As per different traditions which were followed by the unions they differ on the points like how directly they connect representation to their relationship foundation. Even so, relationship facts continue to be a critical constituent of an organizational strength of any union and for authenticity acknowledgment. So, the number of members was an significant resource in combined discussions as well as a essential constituent of TU bargaining power, since it could provide trustworthiness to its threats (Serrano et al, 2016). But TU were recognized within the 1996 Constitution of South Africa, which grants for the privilege to join TU and for amalgamations to cooperatively bargain and thump. The present challenges dealing with COSATU, and the wider TU group need a much wider study than was ordinary in most of the public deliberations. In such deliberations, it was significant that individuals do not diminish these confrontations to little more than a fight of conflicting groups, characters, and wrongful acts within the union movement. Also, the inner employee democracy within their unions, counting the responsibility of full-time bureaucrats to the association was effective. These were the essential principles that assisted to construct and keep up progressive business unionism in the miserable years of apartheid (Hachmann, 2011). But it has been clearly stated that the standards of organizing idea includes alterations in the concerns related to TU, in that currently the TUs have devoted more funds in employing more employees which have turns out to be the chief aim of the TUs against submitting service to already registered union employees (Brand South Africa, 2015). This development of unionism membership to non conservative engaged people has included inspirational activism between the union labor forces which has permitted for freedom to conclude diverse issues of the TUs. But, through the utilization of external union depiction or without utilizing the external depiction it was useful. This innovative way of unionism shows novel organizing methods which have been established by skilled TU organizers in dedicated prearranged manner (South African History Online, 2017). In the current past the chances of the TUs have happen to better because of a number of factors which comprises of augmented requirement of communism by the workers, enhanced and better Law to government and safeguard employees, enhanced TU structures, enhanced working connection among the TUs and management leading to partnerships among other factors. Sterling also observed that the trade unions would continue to be vital in the workplace and their significance and power would bind to enlarge (Manamela, 2015). So, it could be concluded at the end from the above essay that the TU movement faces certain chief confrontations, remarkably which was upgrading its combined potency in the private sector. But while there was clearly a desire for hard-headed practicality, there were also grounds for buoyancy too. With thoughts, hard work and an encouraging wind, TU restitution would not be regarded as unimaginable. Although, none of the 997 delegates who were present at the TUC Congress in Blackpool in 1964 could have predictable how the subsequent 50 years would turned out to be. Fast membership development, the industrial tremor of the 1970s, the decay of the Thatcher and Major ages, New Labours third way, the monetary crash of 2008 and its aftermath the past 5 decades have been nothing if not motivating. Also, not even a single individual could anticipate what the time period from 2014 to 2064 would hold. Nevertheless, there was nothing to be anticipated about further decline of the TU. But all through its past records, the fortunes of organized labor have varied radically. This was likely to remain the case: in 50 years time, as it could be stated that labour historians would be probing the conditions that led to the reincarnation of the TU movement. References Alliance. (2001)The trade union movement at the dawn of the 21st Century. [Online] Alliance. Available from: https://infotek.alliance21.org/d/f/1209/1209_ENG.pdf [Accessed on 3/2/17] Begg, D. (2002) Trade Unions Maintaining Relevance in the 21st Century. [Online] Congress of Trade Union. Available from: https://www.ictu.ie/press/2002/02/21/trade-unions-maintaining-relevance-in-the-21st-century/ [Accessed on 3/2/17] Bezprizvanniy. (2010) Is trade unionism necessary in the 21st century?. [Online] Bezprizvanniy Available from: https://bezprizvanniy.wordpress.com/2010/05/17/is-trade-unionism-necessary-in-the-21st-century/ [Accessed on 3/2/17] Brand South Africa. (2015) Trade unions in South Africa. [Online] Brand South Africa. Available from: https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/investments-immigration/business/economy/policies/tradeunions [Accessed on 3/2/17] Butcher, Kristin, F. and Rouse, Cecilia, E. (2001) Wage effects of unions and industrial councils in South Africa, Policy Research Working Paper Series 2520, The World Bank. Congress of South African Trade Unions. (2001) A Strategic Perspective on the InternationalTrade Union Movement for the 21st Century. [Online] Congress of South African Trade Unions. Available from: https://www.cosatu.org.za/show.php?ID=2246 [Accessed on 3/2/17] Congress of South African Trade unions. (2017) Trade Union.[Online] Congress of South African Trade unions. Available from: https://www.cosatu.org.za/show.php?ID=2080 [Accessed on 3/2/17] ENCA. (2015) Is the trade union movement still relevant in SA?. [Online] ENCA. Available from: https://www.enca.com/south-africa/trade-union-movement-still-relevant-sa [Accessed on 3/2/17] Hachmann, L. (2011) Trade Policy in Post-Apartheid South Africa. [Online] Amdreas Bieler. Available from: https://www.andreasbieler.net/wp-content/workshop/Hachmann.pdf [Accessed on 3/2/17] Hantke, F. (2009) Trade Unions in the 21st Century. [Online] trade Union International. Available from: https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/06672.pdf [Accessed on 3/2/17] Heery, E. (2002) Partnership Versus Organising: Alternative Future for British Trade Unionism. Industrial Relations Journal, Vol 33 Iss 1. Hodin, M. (2013) How Unions Can Prosper in the 21st Century. [Online] the Huffington Post. Available from: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-hodin/unions_b_2328957.html [Accessed on 3/2/17] Horn, P. (2002) Organising the Informal Sector: Lessons for Labour. [Online] Global Labour Institute. Available from: https://www.globallabour.info/en/2007/09/organising_the_informal_sector.html [Accessed on 3/2/17] Industrial Organizational and Labour Studies. (2017) Trade Unions in South Africa. [Online] Industrial Organizational and Labour Studies. Available from: https://iols.ukzn.ac.za/Courses/2nd-year-courses/Trade-Unions-in-South-Africa.aspx [Accessed on 3/2/17] Jamaica Observer. (2011) Are trade unions still relevant?. [Online] Jamaica Observer. Available from: https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/Are-trade-unions-still-relevant-_8828899 [Accessed on 3/2/17] Kester, G. (2016) Trade Unions and Workplace Democracy in Africa,( UK: Routledge). Manamela, M.E. (2015) The Social Responsibility Of South African Trade Unions: A Labour Law Perspective. [Online] University Of South Africa. Available from: https://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/20069/thesis_manamela_me.pdf?sequence=1 [Accessed on 3/2/17] Nowak, P. (2015) The past and future of trade unionism, Employee Relations, Vol. 37 Iss 6 pp. 683 691. Pillay, D (2013b) Between social movement and political unionism: COSATU and democratic politics in South Africa. Rethinking Development and Inequality, Vol 2, special issue, pp 10 - 27. Pillay, D. (2017) The lost moments? Trade union revitalisation and the prospects of an eco-socialist working class politics in South Africa. [Online] Pambazuka News. Available from: https://www.pambazuka.org/democracy-governance/lost-moments-trade-union-revitalisation-and-prospects-eco-socialist-working [Accessed on 3/2/17] Public Service International. (2017) The South African Trade Union Movement: Vibrant, Rich In History And The Challenges Ahead. [Online] Public Service International. Available from: https://congress.world-psi.org/south-african-trade-union-movement [Accessed on 3/2/17] Rule of Burger and Derek Yu. (2006) Wage trends in post-apartheid South Africa: Constructing an earnings series from household survey data, Working Papers 10/2006, Stellenbosch University, Department of Economics. Serrano, M., Xhafa, E., and Fitcher, M. (2016) Trade unions and the global crisis. [Online] International Labour Office. Available from: https://www.bollettinoadapt.it/old/files/document/14526ILO_tradeunions_.pdf [Accessed on 3/2/17] South African History Online. (2017) History Of Womens Struggle In South Africa. [Online] South African History Online. Available from: https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/history-womens-struggle-south-africa [Accessed on 3/2/17] Von Holdt. (2003) Transition from Below: Forging Trade Unionism and Workplace Change in South Africa,( University of Natal Press: Scottsville). Webster, E. and von Holdt. (2005) Beyond the apartheid workplace: studies in transition, Work restructuring and the crisis of social reproduction, (UKZN Press: South Africa). Wire D Space. (2012) Trade Unionism in South Africa: A critical assessment of trade union strategy. [Online] Wire D Space. Available from: https://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10539/8877/Trade%20Unionism%20in%20South%20Africa,%20Mbuyiseni%20Ndlozi.pdf?sequence=2 [Accessed on 3/2/17]

7 things nurses should never do in front of patients

7 things nurses should never do in front of patients Nursing is a job that does not just require a good deal of medical training- it also calls for a bedside manner that will put patients’ minds at ease in the most harrowing circumstances. Good nurses know what to do and say no matter what the situation. The very best nurses also know  what they should never, ever do under any circumstances. Read on to find out what types of behavior nursing veterans know to avoid. Never lose it.Okay, you’re having a lousy day. We all have them. But you must put your own personal problems aside when dealing with people who have concerns about their health. So you must always maintain self-control and never, ever lose it when interacting with even the most obnoxious patients. Be understanding when your patients get a bit short-tempered. Be patient with them, even when you feel like your patience is at its end. Never forget that it is your job to make people feel better.Never bad mouth staff members to patients.Patients always want to fee l like they are in expert hands. Once you start bad mouthing fellow staff members to patients, those patients will start doubting the expertise of the doctors, nurses, and other health care professionals responsible for taking care of them. It is both worrying to the patient and unprofessional.Never get too personal.Revealing too much about yourself can also undermine your professionalism. That’s why it is best to save personal conversations with your coworkers for break periods. Patients have their own concerns and do not want to hear your life story. You also do not want to get into your personal political or religious beliefs, because if they clash with a patient’s, that patient may become uncomfortable or even resist your care.Never miss a break.Nursing is a stressful job. You need to take a break from it every so often to refresh yourself. Therefore, you should never miss any of the breaks you are allotted during the day. If you work through your breaks, you will tire out faster and not perform your job to the best of your abilities.Never get too specific about when you’ll return.Nurses know that a new task is always waiting for them around every corner- there’s always a patient or colleague who requires their time. However, each patient only cares about the attention you will give to her or him. So, never get too specific about when you will return to provide that care. If you say, â€Å"I’ll be back in five minutes,† your patient will really expect you to be back in five minutes on the dot and not be too understanding if you get pulled away to help someone else.Never give false hope.Saying something like â€Å"You’re going to be just fine† may seem like the right thing to do when a patient is excessively concerned, but it might not be medically accurate. Never give easy answers or false hopes when it comes to someone’s health. Leave the diagnoses to the doctors. The same thing goes for how m uch a procedure will hurt. Everyone has different pain thresholds, and telling a patient that a shot â€Å"won’t hurt a bit† might give a sensitive one false hopes.Never act surprised.No patient wants to hear a nurse say, â€Å"I’ve never seen that before!† Surprised comments like that will make patients feel as though they’re suffering from some sort of rare, incurable condition. Act like you’ve seen it all before. It will help keep a patient’s mind at ease.

Simple Guide How to Apply for Financial Aid

Simple Guide How to Apply for Financial Aid SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You’ve taken the SAT or ACT (or both). You’ve researched a list of safety, target, and reach schools. You’ve written what seems like 100 college essays, and nailed down several letters of recommendation. You think you finally have a minute to take a breather, and then you remember: you have to figure out how to pay for all of this! Most students know that financial aid is an option, but the whole financial aid application process can be confusing. What counts as financial aid? Where do you get it? What’s the typical application process like? How much can you get? It’s enough to make your head spin, especially if you don’t have much guidance on the subject. In this post, I’ll answer all those questions (and more) to start you off on the right foot. Heading off to college should be an exciting new adventure, not a stressful financial burden- this guide will help you get all the financial aid you need to make this upcoming college transition a pleasant one. Before we jump into that, though, I'll talk more generally about college expenses and overarching financial aid strategy. Paying for College: The Basics So you're about ready to head to college- or at least, you're thinking about whether you can afford it. How does the cost of your education and the financial aid application process factor into your experiences at school and beyond? College Costs Every year that you attend school- whether you're getting a BA, a Master's, or a professional degree- costs a certain amount of money. The biggest expenses associated with attending college include tuition, room, and board. If you don't cover your tuition costs, you won't be able to register for classes or actually attend school. If you can't afford living expenses associated with attending school (room, board, other personal expenses), you can't actually be present on campus to attend classes. Ultimately, all of these costs need to be covered every year or you won't be able to attend college. To learn more about how much money it takes to get an education, read our guide on the explicit and hidden costs of college. Where Does Financial Aid Come In? For many students, there will be a difference between what college actually costs and what they can afford to pay. For every year that you anticipate this deficit, you apply for financial aid for your school to cover as much of this cost as you can. In general, this process includes submitting a federal financial aid application. Your school receives the information from this application and puts together a financial aid package, which could include federal aid and/or school-based aid. Your grants and loans (if you choose to accept them) will be laid out for you in this financial aid offer. You're then able to make a decision about whether the remaining difference in cost, after taking aid into account, is something that you can afford to pay. If you choose to accept an offer from a particular school, and there is a difference between the aid offered and total college costs, it is your responsibility to pay the remaining amount. You may not have to pay it all up front- some schools offer payment plans throughout the semester- but if you do not make timely payments, you will not be allowed to register for classes, and you won't receive any college credits. Some students use family savings, private loans, student jobs, or a combination thereof to cover these costs. Worrying about paying for college can be an enormous burden- often, students don't feel prepared or informed enough to make such big financial decisions. If you're in this boat, rest assured that with some good intel and a little experience you'll be able to navigate financial aid as well as anyone else. When I entered college as a freshman, I felt pretty lost when it came to understanding financial aid- I was unfamiliar with a lot of the language, and I wasn't sure where to get good objective advice. I came out on the other side, and I'm happy to say it's not as scary as it first seems. So let's get started! What Is Financial Aid? The term "financial aid" is thrown around as a monolithic term that seems to cover anything that helps pay for college. There are different types of financial aid, though, and they're not all created equal- they come from different sources and with different "catches." Types of Financial Aid There are several types of financial aid available- some are better than others. Here, I'll go over all the major types of financial aid, their perks, and their drawbacks. Grants Grants are lovely little monetary awards that you don’t have to pay back. For this reason, they are awesome- if you get a grant, you are literally getting free money. The catch? They’re usually based on your financial need. Free money is generally hard to come by, so eligibility criteria for grants tend to be stricter than for loans. Student loans can be important financial assets, as long as you can support the monthly payments after graduation. Loans A loan is a sum of money that is given to you when you need it (i.e. when you need to make tuition, room, or board payments) which you pay back after graduation. You also pay back an additional percentage of money, known as interest. Loans can be really helpful, but also a burden post-graduation if you take on a lot of student debt. Some loans are better than others: for example, loans that are subsidized or have low-interest rates, subsidized loans are generally preferable because you end up paying less in the long run. To learn more about these types of loans, read our guides to the Perkins and Direct Subsidized loan programs. Scholarships Scholarships, like grants, are sums of money that are awarded to you to help pay for school. They're a bit different from grants and loans in a few important ways, so I won't spend much time addressing them in this post. First, they'renot reliable. Most scholarships are very competitive, which means that students shouldn’t expect to be able to pay for the bulk of college expenses with scholarship awards. Second, they havewidely varying eligibility criteria, award amounts, and application processes- grants and loans are much more standardized in these respects. In sum, scholarships areawesome bonuses if you get them, but the meat and potatoes of financial aidaregrants and loans. Financial Aid Sources Financial aid can come from a variety of sources. Your funding source can affect your type of aid, your award amount, your eligibility criteria, and the application process. Here, I'll address the three main sources of student aid: federal, institutional, and private. I'll also briefly address some loan basics, like what to expect in terms of student loan payments and affordability. Federal Federal student aid is financial aid that is sponsored or subsidized by the US federal government. It's widely available and pretty easy to apply for- there's one application for all federal aid programs called, aptly, the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). The FAFSA is also useful for more than just federal aid- I'll explain why later on in the post. Some federal aid programs include the Pell Grant, Perkins loan, Stafford loan, and Direct Subsidized and Unsubsidized loans. Eligibility criteria for most federal aid programs tend to be very clear- if you meet the criteria, you should get the aid award. Interest rates on federal loans are also very competitive and tend to be lower than those on private loans (lower interest rates = less money you shell out in the long run). Institutional Colleges will sometimes have their own financial aid programs. Some schools even claim to meet all financial need- basically, everything that your family can’t afford to pay. Generally, the better a school’s endowment, the better its financial aid program. Much of the institutional aid that's awarded is in the form of grants, which are primarily need-based. Some merit-based scholarships are given out by some institutions to entice particularly competitive students. Usually, schools don't serve as loan lenders (with a notable exception being in the case of the Perkins loan program). Schools use information generated from your FAFSA to determine what (if any) financial aid you'll get from the institution, in addition to the federal aid you're eligible for. Schools may also use an application called the CSS/Financial Aid PROFILE to award nonfederal financial aid. I'll talk more about the PROFILE in the section on the federal aid application process. Private When people discuss private aid sources, they're usually referring to banks that are funding private loans. This is the third level of financial aid: if grants and low-interest federal loans don’t cover enough of your expenses, you can get a private loan to make up the difference. Theterms on these loans usually aren’t as good as those on federal loans, but you can get decent interest rates if you (or the person who's signing on the loan) have good credit. Loans: How Much Should You Take Out? Student loan debt is a big concern for current college students and recent graduates alike. To avoid taking on debt that you can't afford to pay back, you mustconsider loan amounts, interest rates, and repayment plans to determine what you can handle. What amount of debt is worth the education you'll be receiving? To answer this question as effectively and as accurately as possible, consider the following: taking your future career plans and future income into account, what do you anticipate being able to afford in terms of monthly loan payments? Be as realistic as possible. Now, monthly loan payment amounts will vary based on things like interest rates and whether the loan is subsidized or unsubsidized. What you can actually afford to pay will also depend on factors like your income, cost of living, and how much you want to save and spend. Even though all of these factors are (probably) currently unknowable, this chart lays out some general rules about loan payments and affordability: Total Student Loan Debt Monthly Payment Minimum Annual Income Needed to Afford Monthly Payment $5,000 $61 $7,320 - $9,150 $10,000 $122 $14,640 - $18,300 $15,000 $184 $22,080 - $27,600 $20,000 $245 $29,400 - $36,750 $25,000 $306 $36,720 - $45,900 $50,000 $612 $73,440 - $91,800 $100,000 $1,222 $146,660 - $183,300 The general rule of thumb is that you should aim for 10% of your income to be spent on student loans. You can certainly live frugally and pay your loans with 30% of your income, but just remember about 30% of your income goes to taxes, another 30% will go to rent, and you'll need to budget for living expenses too. The Financial Aid Application Process The process is so much more manageable if we break it down step by step. So you have a good idea of the financial aid basics- you know all about the types of financial aid and their various sources. The next step? Actually learning how to apply for financial aid! The process and timeline will be a bit different for everyone, but here I’ll focus on the process for (1) first-time college freshmen who are (2) proactive about applying for financial aid. It’s generally better to apply earlier rather than later for financial aid programs (so, don’t wait until application deadlines if you can help it) because some programs run out of funds. One notable example of a program with limited funds is the Perkins loanprogram. You generally don’t have to worry about the financial aid application process until the bulk of your college application work is done. Here, I’ll outline a comprehensive financial aid process in chronological order of applications you should complete- the CSS/Financial Aid Profile is listed first because you might have to complete it while working on some college apps (unfortunately). Step 1: The CSS/Financial Aid PROFILE The CSS/Financial Aid PROFILE is an application for nonfederal financial aid used by almost 400 different colleges and scholarship programs. Even if you don’t think you’ll apply to one of these colleges or programs, it may be wise to fill it out, so you don’t preemptively limit your funding options. Check out the list of participating programs before deciding not to complete it- you might find a program or school you're interested in! If you’re applying to any of the participating schools (or scholarships), they’ll have their own deadlines for submitting the PROFILE. It’s very important that you meet this deadline if you want to be considered eligible for institutional financial aid. Some schools may ask for it around the time college apps are due. Submitting the PROFILE If you plan on completing the PROFILE,you’ll need to enter detailed student and parent financial information. Gather the following paperwork for both you and your parents to expedite the application process: Current and previous years' tax returns W-2 forms and other records of current year income Records of untaxed income and benefits for current and previous tax years Current bank statements Records of savings, stocks, bonds, trusts, etc. There are fees associated with this application- one fee to actually submit it (which includes a single school report), and a $25 fee to generate reports for additional schools. There are fee waivers available for low-income students. To learn more about the CSS/Financial Aid PROFILE, check out this comprehensive guide or interactive presentation. Step 2: The FAFSA The FAFSA: Perhaps the most important part of the financial aid process. The FAFSA is the Free Application for Federal Student Aid. Like I mentioned earlier, this one application will open up a lot of potential aid opportunities. The FAFSA opens up October 1 each year for the next academic year (for example, if you’re startingcollege in the fall of 2020, you can submit your FAFSA on October 1, 2019, at the earliest). A few days after you submit your application, you’ll get what’s called a SAR (student aid report) outlining different types of federal aid that you’re eligible for. If you’re interested in the Perkins loan, you’d have to be offered the loan directly through your school. Many schools use the information generated from the FASFA to award their own aid, especially if they don’t use the CSS/Financial Aid PROFILE. So when should you actually submit your FAFSA? Even though the deadline is pretty late (e.g. deadline for 2019-2020 academic year is June 30, 2020) apply as close to October 1 as possible. Some programs are first-come, first-serve, so if you apply early, you won’t end up losing out on any potential funding opportunities. Submitting the FAFSA To complete the application, you’ll need detailed financial information for both yourself and your parents, including: W-2 forms Tax returns Records of untaxed income and benefits The application itself should take 2-3 hours, and can be submitted online. It should take about threedays to get your "results"- the student aid report outlining your federal aid eligibility. You can even estimate your eligibility before you apply using the FAFSA4caster. For detailed information on how to submit a FAFSA, check out our Pell Grant guide. Step 3: The Financial Aid Award Letter After you’ve been admitted to a college, the school will put together a financial aid award letter- if you noted that you want financial aid, that is. You will not have to accept or reject any offer of admission until you’ve been able to go over a school’s financial aid package. You can use the award amounts to calculate your net cost, or what you have to pay out of pocket to attend that school. If there are loans offered on your financial aid letter, you don’t have to accept any that you’re not comfortable with. You tell your financial aid office what awards you want to take (pro tip: take all the grants and scholarships) and what awards you don’t. Calculating Your Net Cost Figure out the school’s CoA (Cost of Attendance). This figure includes tuition, fees, books, transportation, room, and board. If it's not listed on the financial aid letter, turn to Google or the financial aid office. Learn more about expenses in our guide on what college really costs. Subtract any grants and scholarships listed on the financial aid package from your CoA. This is free money that your school and/or government is awarding you. The figure you have right now is your out-of-pocket cost. If this isn't affordable, this isn't necessarily what you have to payright now to attend this school. Subtract any federal loans offered from the out-of-pocket cost. These loans tend to have low-interest rates and good repayment terms. Subtract any work-study award amounts. Many students have jobs during the school year to help cover some college expenses. Work study helps facilitate the job search. The remaining amount is what you have to pay to attend school for one year. If this amount is still not manageable, and you're comfortable with the idea of taking out more loans, you can consider private loans to cover some of the balance. How Much Aid Can You Get? Let's figure out how much aid you can get your hands on. This is the real question, right? If you're going to go through all the trouble of applying for financial aid, you want the results to be worth it in the end. The amount of aid you can get depends on two main factors: #1: Your financial need, and#2: Where you go to school Students with very low family incomes who attend schools with good financial aid programs can get all of their financial need covered- with all grants, no loans. Harvard, for example, expects no family contributions from families who make less than 60k a year, although they still expect students to contribute a small amount via a student job. There are other schools that claim to meet all students’ unmet need. If you have high financial need but choose a school with a less generous financial aid program, you might be expected to pay a lot out of pocket. State schools, in particular, tend to have much higher sticker prices for out-of-state residents, so even if you get the maximum amount of federal Pell grant money ($5,500) you could be on the hook for a very large sum of money. If you don’t have much financial need, you can still get financial aid through schools with good programs. Harvard, again as an example, gives some sort of financial aid to about 70% of its students. You might not be eligible for many grants, but you could potentially be eligible for low-interest government loans, like the Direct Subsidized, Unsubsidized, and PLUS programs- they have less strict eligibility criteria. What If You Don't Receive Enough Financial Aid? Sometimes, even though students do everything right, they still end up stuck with a price that they or their families just can’t afford. Here are some steps you can take to close the gap between what you can afford and what you owe. Check in With the Financial Aid Office See if they can work with you on your financial aid package. Don’t treat it like a bidding war- for example, going to a school with another college’s financial aid package and demanding they match it won’t generally fly. Tell them that you’re grateful for the package, but as is, your family can’t afford it. Take this opportunity toexplain any extenuating circumstances or hardships that make paying for college difficult. Bring concrete numbers and calculations to back up your claims, and be prepared to discuss what you can afford. Apply to Scholarships Ideally, you’d start looking at scholarship programs early on in your junior year. Apply to scholarships as a Hail Mary or backup plan- don’t count on any scholarship earnings before you’ve actually earned them. With that being said, scholarships (even small ones) can help make college more affordable. Ronald McDonald, Gates Scholars, and Hispanic Scholarship Fund awards are good places to start. Consider Schools with Better Aid Packages Sometimes, the heavy burden of student loans isn’t worth attending one particular school, even if it’s your dream school. Do a cost-benefit analysis to objectively think about whether one school will be worth the extra dollars up front and/or in loans in the long run, versus another school that’s more affordable. What's Next? If you want to increase your chances of getting more financial aid, you can start with steps that will also help with your college applications. Getting your SAT scores up or investing time in community service hours will make you a more attractive college applicant, but it will also make you eligible for more scholarships. In order to prepare for scholarship applications, read our guides to the National Merit Scholarship, Walmart Scholarship, and Coca-Cola Scholarships. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Techniques in Understanding Planets and Stars2 Essay

Techniques in Understanding Planets and Stars2 - Essay Example Other natural light sources like the fire also produce electromagnetic radiations. The light bulbs and the fluorescent bulbs produce all the seven colours of the rainbow when the light shines upon the spectrometer. The reason being that the white light produced is split up by the spectrometer. A sodium street lamp generally produces only one light type when struck upon the spectrometer. The sodium component in the bulb only produces a yellow light. The spectrum shows a dazzling yellow band. Extra bands of colours are produced under high pressure. Street lamps are typically high-pressure sodium lamps that give a white light. When viewing a white block above an LCD using the spectroscope, three bands of colours are produced- red, green, and yellow. TVs and computer monitors use a combination of these three colours to produce millions of colours. The feature of the light source that get represented in the spectrum is illumination. It measures the light output from the different sources of light. Illumination is the light distribution on a surface that is horizontal. Thus, in this experiment the spectrum distribute light in the spectrometer that gets assembled. Therefore, what gets analyzed in this experiment is the distribution of light from different spectrums in horizontal surfaces. There is also the examination of the number of components that a light source can be broken up into using a spectroscope/prism (Fisher & Erickson, 2010). Spectrometers in an instrument that splits colour into a higher band numbers. The ordinary color splits up the light into three colors including green, blue and red. Spectrometers are very significant studying celestial objects. Spectrometry allows people to study and measure the celestial bodies’ velocities and distances on the cosmological scales. When the object is moving, the light wavelengths it emits is shifted either towards

Business Plan for an adult strip bar in South Africa Assignment

Business Plan for an adult strip bar in South Africa - Assignment Example Page 2 Mission: 'To delight customers in a way that keeps them coming back for more'---- 'Come 'it's the ultimate cloud nine experience!' Keys to success: Adhering to the laws that govern the business of adult strip club Ensure that every customer and staff is above the legal age of 18. Management and staff to strictly follow rules of the house Ensure rules of the house are properly communicated to all customers. Check papers of every staff and dancer, including nationality status and previous record of prostitution through a private detective agency. Always alert customers politely but firmly in case of their misbehavior with dancers and ensure there is a staff always close by in case of a table dance or lap dance in private booths. Company Summary: Ownership: Mark who is the sole proprietor of the bar and is liable to legal and financial claims stated against the bar will own the business 'Cloud nine'. Mark will be liable to pay taxes in accordance with the income tax act of the state from time to time as instructed by the government. The owner Mark will face all criminal and civil action in case of law breaking. Staff: The bar will start with an initial of 8 dancers and an in house governance staff of 10. This excludes two cooks 2 and 6 waiters. Size: Initially the bar will have 12 tables with a seating capacity of 36. The private booths for the private booth dance. Services offered: The bar offers strip dancing for customers with food and drinks. This means Page 3 only strip dancing and no sex. Sex for money is not offered here as customers are not allowed to touch dancers .The dancing can be on stage, on the customers table, a lap dance or private booth dance and the... 29th August 2008, 'Tourism in South Africa' 'Media Club South Africa.com' Viewed on 1st October 2008, http://www.mediaclubsouthafrica.com/index.phpoption=com_content&view=article&id=91%3ATourism+Industry+Overvew&catid=41%3Avisit_bg&Itemid=58